Orthotic components are essential in addressing a range of foot-related issues. Whether you're a podiatrist, physiotherapist, orthotist these additions allow for targeted support, realignment and cushioning. Integrated into insoles, they can offer personalised solutions for improving gait, comfort and mobility.

Metatarsal Pads

Metatarsal pads are designed to relieve pressure on the ball of the foot by supporting the transverse arch and redistributing load. They’re commonly used for conditions like metatarsalgia, Morton's neuroma and sesamoiditis.

A study published in Journal of Foot and Ankle Research found that metatarsal pads effectively reduce forefoot pressure in runners. They're typically made from materials such as Poron or polyurethane foam for excellent durability and shock absorption (source).

Valgus Pads

Valgus pads are placed along the medial side of the foot to support fallen arches and reduce overpronation. They're particularly useful for flat-footed individuals and can help reduce pain associated with medial arch collapse.

Constructed from EVA or synthetic latex, they balance firmness and flexibility. Research in Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery found that medial arch supports, like valgus pads, significantly improve weight distribution in patients with flat feet.

Cobra Pads

Cobra pads are uniquely shaped to provide both medial and lateral arch support, especially for controlling overpronation. Made from semi-rigid EVA or sometimes Poron, they offer correction without compromising comfort.

Often used in forefoot and rearfoot control, these pads help correct alignment in individuals with biomechanical imbalances.

Metatarsal Bars

Unlike metatarsal pads that target specific points, metatarsal bars provide broader forefoot support. They are placed behind the metatarsal heads to redistribute load and reduce forefoot strain.

Used in cases of metatarsalgia, diabetic foot conditions, or even forefoot ulcers, metatarsal bars are usually made from firm EVA. LER Magazine outlines their clinical relevance in managing forefoot pressure distribution.

Heel Raises (Heel Lifts)

Heel lifts are used to correct leg length discrepancies, reduce Achilles tendon strain or support post-surgical recovery. They elevate the heel and can be inserted underneath or integrated into the orthotic device.

Commonly made from firm EVA or cork, these lifts offer structure and stability. A systematic review in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology supports their use in managing low back pain related to leg length differences.

Heel Cushions

For those suffering from plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, or general heel pain, soft heel cushions made from gel or foam can significantly reduce impact forces during gait.

One study found that 84% of patients with heel pain experienced relief from silicone heel pads - highlighting the value of simple cushioning.

Posting Wedges

Wedges are added to correct foot posture by adjusting rearfoot or forefoot angles. They’re commonly used in managing pronation (medial collapse) or supination (outward roll).

Wedges are precision-cut from firm EVA and positioned to promote biomechanical realignment. Research on lateral wedge insoles found significant improvements in knee joint loading for osteoarthritis patients.

Cushioning Components

Cushioning layers, such as those made from Poron or low density EVA, help absorb impact and improve comfort. They're often bonded on top of structural components or used as top covers for semi-bespoke devices.

Poron has been shown to reduce plantar pressure in at-risk patients, such as those with diabetes. See supporting evidence in this 2022 clinical review.

Materials Commonly Used

  • EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate): Lightweight, durable, and mouldable foam widely used in orthotic construction.
  • Poron: High-resilience polyurethane foam, effective for impact absorption and pressure redistribution.
  • Viscoelastic Polymers and Synthetic Latex: Known for excellent shock absorption and energy return, ideal in high-pressure areas.
  • Gel & Silicone: Soft, cushioning materials used primarily for bony prominences and comfort zones.

Adapting Insoles with Orthotic Components

Adapting insoles with components requires basic tools and an understanding of foot biomechanics. Most components can be trimmed with scissors and secured with double-sided tape or bonded using adhesive. In some cases, heat application is used to mould materials for custom contouring.

This method allows healthcare professionals to quickly adjust off-the-shelf insoles or to enhance semi-bespoke orthotic devices based on patient feedback and clinical assessment. Algeos, biomechanics specialists and many universities train on these methods.

Truly Custom Devices in-Clinic

Orthotic components are invaluable in achieving targeted foot support and comfort. Whether it’s a simple metatarsal pad or a full-length EVA wedge system, these additions allow practitioners to fine-tune orthotic therapy to meet the unique needs of each patient. Backed by clinical evidence and easily applied with basic tools, they provide a cost-effective and versatile solution for insole customisation.