10 Things that Prevent Pressure Ulcers

Understanding Pressure Ulcers
Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or pressure sores, are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue primarily caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. These sores often develop on bony areas of the body such as heels, ankles, hips, and tailbone. Pressure ulcers can lead to severe infections, prolonged hospital stays, and decreased quality of life, making prevention critical.
1. Risk Assessment
Braden Scale: Utilise the Braden Scale, a widely recognised tool, to evaluate a patient's risk of developing pressure ulcers. The scale assesses six factors: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction/shear. A lower score indicates a higher risk. Regular assessments can help identify high-risk individuals early, allowing for prompt intervention.
2. Regular Skin Inspections
Frequent skin checks are crucial. Look for early signs of pressure ulcers such as redness, warmth, swelling, or changes in skin texture. Pay particular attention to bony prominences. Early detection can prevent the progression of skin damage.
3. Skin Care
Maintain skin integrity by keeping it clean and dry. Use gentle, pH-balanced cleansers and avoid harsh soaps and excessive scrubbing. Moisturise the skin regularly to prevent dryness, which can lead to cracks and sores. Avoid talcum powder as it can dry out the skin and cause friction.
4. Manage Moisture
Excessive moisture from sweat, urine, or wound drainage can weaken the skin. Use absorbent pads, breathable incontinence products, and skin barriers to protect the skin from moisture. Change soiled bedding and clothing promptly.
5. Hydration
Ensure adequate hydration to maintain skin elasticity and overall health. Encourage regular fluid intake, focusing on water and hydrating foods like fruits and vegetables. Proper hydration supports blood circulation and skin resilience.
6. Nutrition
A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals is vital for skin health and repair. Focus on protein, vitamin C, and zinc, which play crucial roles in tissue repair and collagen formation. Consult a nutritionist for tailored dietary plans, especially for those with dietary restrictions or increased nutritional needs.
7. Proper Positioning
Reposition individuals regularly to redistribute pressure and avoid prolonged pressure on any one area. For bed-bound patients, reposition every two hours. Use pillows or foam wedges to offload pressure from bony areas. Ensure chairs and wheelchairs are properly cushioned and that patients are not sitting on wrinkled clothing or bedding.
8. Ergonomics and Environmental Adjustments
Create an environment that supports pressure ulcer prevention. Use pressure-relieving mattresses and cushions, adjust bed height for easier repositioning, and ensure there is enough space for caregivers to move around the patient comfortably. Consider ergonomic aids that help with repositioning.
9. Repositioning Techniques
Employ proper techniques to reposition patients safely. Lift rather than drag to reduce friction and shear forces on the skin. Train caregivers on effective repositioning strategies to ensure consistency and safety.
10. Pressure-Redistributing Devices
Invest in pressure-redistributing devices such as specialized mattresses, cushions, and overlays. Devices like the Levabo Seat-All cushion are designed to enhance stability and stimulate microcirculation, reducing the risk of pressure ulcers. These tools are essential for individuals at high risk.
Conclusion
Preventing pressure ulcers requires a multifaceted approach involving risk assessment, regular skin inspections, proper skin care, moisture management, hydration, nutrition, correct positioning, ergonomic adjustments, effective repositioning techniques, and the use of pressure-redistributing devices. By implementing these strategies, caregivers can significantly reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers, enhancing patient comfort and overall health.
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