Fidget Cushions - Do they work?

Fidget cushions, also known as sensory cushions or wobble cushions, have become increasingly popular as tools for improving concentration, posture, and sensory processing in children and adults. These cushions are designed to encourage movement and provide sensory feedback, which can be particularly beneficial for individuals with ADHD, autism, or sensory processing disorders. This article will explore the different types of fidget cushions available, how they work, and the scientific evidence supporting their use.

What Are Fidget Cushions?

They are inflatable cushions or foam cushions that are typically round and slightly unstable. When a person sits on a fidget cushion, the instability requires them to make small adjustments in their posture, engaging their core muscles and promoting movement. This movement can help improve focus and concentration, especially in individuals who struggle with sitting still for long periods.

Types of Cushions

1. Wobble Cushions

Description: Wobble cushions are inflatable cushions filled with air. They are often round or disc-shaped and are designed to create an unstable surface when sat upon. The level of instability can be adjusted by inflating or deflating the cushion.

Use: Wobble cushions are commonly used in classrooms and homes to help children with ADHD or sensory processing issues maintain focus during tasks that require sitting.

How They Work: The instability of the wobble cushion encourages constant micro-movements, which can help to channel excess energy and reduce restlessness.

2. Sensory Cushions

Description: Sensory cushions are similar to wobble cushions but are often made with textured surfaces that provide additional sensory input. These cushions may have bumps, ridges, or other tactile features.

Use: Sensory cushions are particularly beneficial for individuals who require additional sensory stimulation, such as those with autism or sensory processing disorder.

How They Work: The combination of instability and tactile feedback helps to engage the user’s senses, promoting calmness and focus.

3. Wedge Cushions

Description: Wedge cushions are angled cushions that are thicker at one end than the other. They are typically made of foam and provide a slight forward tilt when sat upon.

Use: Wedge cushions are often used to promote proper posture by encouraging an upright sitting position.

How They Work: The angled design of wedge cushions tilts the pelvis slightly forward, which can help to align the spine and reduce slouching.

4. Balance Discs

Description: Balance discs are flat, round cushions that can be used both as seating aids and for balance exercises. They are usually made of rubber or PVC and can be inflated to adjust the level of instability.

Use: Balance discs are versatile tools used in physical therapy, fitness routines, and classroom settings.

How They Work: Like wobble cushions, balance discs create an unstable surface that engages the core muscles. When used for exercises, they also help to improve balance and coordination.

How Do Fidget Seats Work?

1. Encouraging Movement

These cushions are designed to be unstable, which means that when a person sits on one, they must constantly adjust their posture to maintain balance. This encourages micro-movements that can help to burn excess energy, reduce restlessness, and improve concentration. For children with ADHD, these small movements can be enough to help them focus better on tasks that require sitting still.

2. Promoting Proper Posture

The instability of the cushions forces the user to engage their core muscles to maintain an upright sitting position. Over time, this can help to improve posture by strengthening the muscles that support the spine. Wedge cushions, in particular, are designed to tilt the pelvis forward, encouraging a natural alignment of the spine and reducing the tendency to slouch.

3. Providing Sensory Feedback

For individuals with sensory processing disorders, the tactile feedback provided by sensory cushions can be particularly soothing. The textures on the cushion’s surface stimulate the user’s sense of touch, which can help to calm anxiety and improve focus. This is especially beneficial in classroom settings where sensory overload can be a problem.

4. Improving Focus and Attention

The combination of movement and sensory feedback can help to improve focus and attention, particularly in children who struggle with sitting still. Research has shown that movement can stimulate the brain and improve cognitive function, making fidget cushions a valuable tool for enhancing learning and productivity.

Scientific Evidence

1. Improved Classroom Behaviour

A study conducted by the University of Kentucky found that the use of the cushions in classrooms significantly improved the on-task behaviour of students with ADHD. The study observed that students who used fidget cushions were more engaged in classroom activities and demonstrated less disruptive behaviour.

2. Enhanced Postural Control

Research published in the Journal of Physical Therapy Science highlighted the effectiveness of balance discs (a type of fidget cushion) in improving postural control in children. The study concluded that regular use of balance discs helped to strengthen core muscles and improve balance, which in turn supported better posture.

3. Sensory Modulation

A study in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy explored the benefits of sensory cushions for children with sensory processing disorders. The study found that the tactile feedback provided by sensory cushions helped to modulate sensory input, reducing anxiety and improving focus in children with sensory challenges.

4. Cognitive Function and Movement

Numerous studies have shown that physical movement can enhance cognitive function. For example, a study published in Frontiers in Psychology found that movement, such as the micro-movements encouraged by fidget cushions, can improve attention and memory in both children and adults.

FAQs 

1. Are fidget cushions effective for children with ADHD?

Yes, these cushions are often recommended for children with ADHD as they encourage movement and help to channel excess energy. By providing a slightly unstable surface, sensory cushions allow children to engage in micro-movements, which can reduce restlessness and improve focus. Studies have shown that these cushions can enhance on-task behaviour in the classroom, making it easier for children with ADHD to concentrate on their work. Additionally, the sensory feedback provided by some cushions can be calming, further helping to improve attention and reduce anxiety.

2. Can the cushions help improve posture?

Sensory cushions can be very effective in promoting better posture. The instability of the cushion forces the user to engage their core muscles to maintain balance, which encourages an upright sitting position. Wedge-shaped fidget cushions are particularly useful for this purpose, as they tilt the pelvis slightly forward, aligning the spine and reducing the likelihood of slouching. Over time, regular use of a fidget cushion can strengthen the muscles that support the spine, leading to improved posture and reduced back pain.

3. How do these cushions benefit children with sensory processing disorders?

For children with sensory processing disorders, sensory cushions can provide essential sensory feedback that helps them modulate sensory input. The textured surfaces of sensory cushions stimulate the sense of touch, which can be soothing for children who are easily overwhelmed by sensory stimuli. This sensory input helps to calm anxiety, allowing the child to focus better on tasks. Additionally, the movement encouraged by the cushion can help to improve sensory integration, making it easier for children to process and respond to sensory information.

4. How should the cushions be used in a classroom setting?

In a classroom setting, the cushions should be used as a tool to help students who have difficulty sitting still or maintaining focus. Teachers can introduce the cushions as part of the seating arrangement for students who may benefit, such as those with ADHD or sensory processing disorders. It’s important to guide students on proper use, encouraging subtle movements rather than excessive rocking. Regular check-ins help ensure the cushions are being used effectively and are providing the intended benefits without causing distractions in the classroom.

5. Are the cushions safe for use by young children?

Fidget sensory cushions are generally safe for young children, especially when used under supervision. It’s essential to ensure the cushion is the right size for the child and properly inflated to avoid excessive instability. Children should be taught how to use the cushion correctly to prevent falls or injuries. Many cushions are made from non-toxic, durable materials, making them safe for children. However, like any tool, it’s important to monitor usage to ensure the child benefits safely from the cushion.

6. How do I choose the right cushion for my needs?

Choosing the right cushion depends on your specific needs. If the goal is to improve posture, a wedge-shaped cushion may be the most effective choice. For those needing sensory input, a cushion with textured surfaces may be ideal. If reducing restlessness and improving focus is the goal, an inflatable wobble cushion could be the best option. Consider the cushion’s size, material, and whether it can be adjusted for different levels of stability. Consulting with an occupational therapist can also help determine the most suitable cushion for your needs.

7. How often should sensory cushions be used?

The frequency of cushion use depends on individual needs. In classrooms, they might be used during tasks requiring focus, such as reading or taking tests. For adults, using the cushion during extended periods of sitting, like while working at a desk, can be beneficial. It’s important to balance cushion use with regular breaks and physical activity to prevent muscle fatigue. Regular use can enhance posture and focus, but it’s crucial to listen to your body and adjust usage as needed.

8. How do I inflate the cushion properly?

To inflate a fidget sensory cushion, use the provided pump or a compatible air pump. Inflate the cushion until it reaches the desired level of firmness, which can vary depending on personal preference and intended use. For a wobble cushion, slightly underinflating it may provide more instability, increasing the challenge for core muscles. Overinflating may make the cushion too firm, reducing its effectiveness. After inflation, test the cushion to ensure it provides the right amount of support and instability for your needs.

Want to know more? You can view our Sensory Disorder and Autism Seating ranges here.