Living with Bunions: Patient Advice

Bunions are a common foot condition that affects many people in the UK, with studies suggesting that nearly one-third of adults experience this issue to some degree. This deformity, which involves a bony bump forming at the base of the big toe, can be painful and affect mobility. However, the good news is that there are effective ways to manage bunions without surgery, particularly for those who prefer non-invasive approaches or are on NHS waiting lists for surgical treatment.

What Are Bunions?

A bunion, or hallux valgus, is a bony prominence that develops at the joint connecting your big toe to your foot. Over time, the big toe may angle towards the other toes, which can make walking painful and finding comfortable footwear challenging.

Different Types of Bunions

Hallux Valgus (Standard Bunion): The most common type of bunion, caused by misalignment of the big toe joint. It often presents with redness, swelling, and pain.
Tailor’s Bunion (Bunionette): Found on the outer side of the foot, near the base of the little toe.
Adolescent Bunion: This type develops in teenagers, often due to inherited structural foot issues.
Arthritic Bunion: Associated with joint inflammation caused by arthritis, this bunion is particularly painful.

How Bunions from Under Skin
Typical Foot Vs Bunion Foot

What Causes Bunions?

Understanding the causes of bunions is key to preventing their progression. Common factors include:

Genetics: A family history of bunions increases your risk.
Footwear: Tight or narrow shoes, especially high heels, can exacerbate symptoms.
Foot Shape: Conditions like flat feet or high arches can predispose you to bunions.
Medical Conditions: Rheumatoid arthritis and gout are linked to bunions.

Non-Surgical Management of Bunions

For many bunion sufferers, surgery is not the first line of treatment. Thankfully, there are numerous ways to manage symptoms effectively without committing to surgery. Here are some practical, evidence-backed options:

1. Footwear Modifications

Choose shoes with a wide toe box to prevent squeezing your toes. Avoid high heels and opt for low, supportive footwear made from soft materials.

2. Orthotic Devices

Custom orthotics or over-the-counter insoles help redistribute pressure and improve foot alignment.

3. Toe Spacers and Splints

Toe spacers and splints realign the toes, slowing bunion progression and alleviating pain.

4. Physical Therapy and Stretching

Strengthening and stretching the foot muscles improves joint flexibility. Try exercises like:

Toe Stretch: Gently pull your big toe into alignment with the others for 10 seconds.
Towel Scrunches: Use your toes to scrunch up a towel on the floor.
Calf Stretches: Stretch the calf muscles to reduce tension.

5. Pain Relief Options

Use NSAIDs like ibuprofen for inflammation, and apply ice packs to reduce swelling.

6. Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight minimises strain on your feet.

7. Silicone Gel Products

Silicone gel bunion pads or protectors reduce friction and pressure, providing additional comfort.

When to Seek Professional Help

If pain persists or mobility is significantly affected, consult your GP or podiatrist. Severe cases may require surgical intervention, which is available through the NHS.

Post Surgery Bunion Operation
Post Surgery Bunion Care

Preventing Bunions

If you’re predisposed to bunions, take proactive steps to reduce your risk:

Wear comfortable, supportive shoes.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Perform regular foot exercises.

Support Through the NHS

The NHS provides a range of services, including physiotherapy, podiatry, and surgical options for severe cases. Speak to your GP for personalised advice.